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SearchGSSI2022-07-28T08:39:03-04:00
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Select from the drop-down menu below to see all the details of how Canada, the 10 provinces and 35 cities/ CMAs perform at various points in time. National level data includes the entire Canadian population. However, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon and certain cities were excluded from lower levels of analysis given small sample sizes.

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Data below is based on the Canadian Census Program, General Social Surveys, and the Canadian Community Health Surveys.

The Economic data is from the 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 Canadian Census Program. For more information on the study population and methodology, click here.

Below you will find 1) CIMI Ranking/ Adjusted Data and 2) Unadjusted Data.

Adjusted data  -

Wages 

Immigrant wages for both full-time and part-time workers were less than the wages for Canadian-born workers in this period. After accounting for socio-demographic characteristics such as age, sex, language, education, occupation, full-time work, visible minority and mobility status:

  • The estimated wage gap was $5,941 for full-time workers.
  • The estimated wage gap was $3,494 for part-time workers.

Low Income Cut-Offs (LICOs)

Immigrants were 53.2% more likely than the Canadian-born population to live below the low-income cut-off in this year, after considering for sociodemographic differences (e.g., age, sex, language, education, occupation, visible minority and mobility status).

Labour Force Participation

Immigrants were 13.4% more likely than the Canadian-born population to participate in the labour force in this year, after considering for sociodemographic differences (e.g., age, sex, language, education, occupation, visible minority and mobility status).

Employment Rate 

Immigrants were 14.4% more likely than the Canadian-born population to be employed in this year, after considering for sociodemographic differences (e.g., age, sex, language, education, occupation, visible minority and mobility status).

Unemployment Rate 

Immigrants were 12.6% less likely than the Canadian-born population to be unemployed in this year, after considering for sociodemographic differences (e.g., age, sex, language, education, occupation, visible minority and mobility status).

Full-time Employment Rate

Immigrants were 4.1% more likely than the Canadian-born population to be employed full-time in this year, after considering for sociodemographic differences (e.g., age, sex, language, education, occupation, visible minority and mobility status).

Non-Official Language at Work

Immigrants were 7.5x as likely the Canadian-born population to speak a non - official language at work in this year, after considering for sociodemographic differences (e.g., age, sex, language, education, occupation, visible minority and mobility status).

Subsidized Housing 

Immigrants were 8.3% less likely than the Canadian-born population to live in subsidized housing in this year, after considering for sociodemographic differences (e.g., age, sex, language, education, occupation, visible minority and mobility status).

Unadjusted data -

See below for the breakdown of immigrants and the Canadian-born population in this region. You can also click on "Expand Full Chart" below each bar chart to explore our added themes on sex, visible minority status, immigrant admission categories and immigrant time of arrival. Any blank in the chart indicates that the data is unavailable/statistically insignificant.

Please note that the data below  does not control  for socio-demographic characteristics, unlike our rankings above.

Go to...
  • Wages
  • Low-Income Cut-Offs (LICOs)
  • Labour Force Participation
  • Employment Rate
  • Unemployment Rate
  • Full-Time Employment Rate
  • Non-Official Language at Work
  • Subsidized Housing
[+] Expand Full Chart [-] Collapse Chart

median wages (full-time workers)  

The Median annual wages for immigrants in  2016  were  $45,378  compared to  $51,024  for the Canadian-born population. Thus, the wage gap was  $5,646.

Note: All wages seen here are before Consumer Price Index (CPI) adjustment. Download wages with CPI - adjustment here.
[+] Expand Full Chart [-] Collapse Chart

median wages (part-time workers)  

The median annual wage for immigrants in Canada was  $12,556  compared to  $12,812  for the Canadian-born population. Thus, the wage gap was  $256.

Note: All wages seen here are before Consumer Price Index (CPI) adjustment. Download wages with CPI - adjustment here.
[+] Expand Full Chart [-] Collapse Chart

low income cut-offs (LICOs)  

This year,  17.6%  of immigrants in Canada were living below the LICO line compared to  10.3%  of the Canadian-born population. Thus, immigrants were  7.3% more  likely to be living below the LICO line than the Canadian-born population.

[+] Expand Full Chart [-] Collapse Chart

labour force participation  

This year, the labour force participation rate for immigrants in Canada was  78.3%  compared to  80.6%  of the Canadian-born population. Thus, immigrants were  2.2% less  likely to participate in the labour force than the Canadian-born population.

[+] Expand Full Chart [-] Collapse Chart

employment rate  

This year,  72.4%  of immigrants were employed compared to  74.6%  of the Canadian-born population. Thus, immigrants were  2.2% less  likely to be employed than the Canadian-born population.

[+] Expand Full Chart [-] Collapse Chart

unemployment rate  

This year,  7.6%  of immigrants were unemployed compared to  7.4%  of the Canadian-born population. Thus, immigrants were  0.2% more  likely to be unemployed than the Canadian-born population.

[+] Expand Full Chart [-] Collapse Chart

full-time employment rate  

This year,  80.8%  of immigrants in Canada had full-time employment rate compared to  79.6%  of the Canadian-born population. Thus, immigrants were  1.3% more  likely to work full-time hours than the Canadian-born population.

[+] Expand Full Chart [-] Collapse Chart

non-official language at work  

This year,  7.7%  of immigrants in Canada used non - official languages in the workplace compared to  0.4%  of the Canadian-born population. Thus, immigrants were  7.2% more  likely to use non - official languages at the workplace than the Canadian-born population.

[+] Expand Full Chart [-] Collapse Chart

subsidized housing  

This year,  10.0%  of immigrants in Canada were living in subsidized housing compared to  9.1%  of the Canadian-born population. Thus, immigrants were  0.9% more  likely to be living in subsidized housing than the Canadian-born population.

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